![]() While Junzi Personality had no significant correlations with (1) self growth and surpassing others as dimensions of competitive personality, and (2) public prosocial tendency. ![]() And Junzi personality had significant negative correlations with (1) neuroticism as a dimension of Big Five personality, (2) disharmony between self and experience and the rigidity of self, and (3) excessive competition as a dimension of competitive personality. In Study 2, results showed that Junzi personality had significant positive correlations with (1) extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience as dimensions of Big Five personality, (2) Chinese values as a whole and their each dimension, (3) the flexibility of self, (4) containment, reciprocity and willingness to get along well with others as dimensions of cooperative personality, and (5) prosocial tendencies as a whole and their each dimension except public prosocial tendency. Results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the five-factor model of Junzi personality fitted well and all items had high loadings on corresponding factors. In Study 1, Results indicated that there were five dimensions among 30 items in construct of Junzi personality, which were named as “Wisdom, Benevolence and Courage”, “Respectfulness and Propriety”, “Conversancy with Righteousness and Cherishment of Benign Rule”, “Keeping from What Should Not Be Done” and “Self-Cultivation Rather than Contentions with Others”. In Study 2, we examined criterion-related validity of Junzi personality by correlation analysis of Junzi personality, Big Five personality, Chinese values, self-consistency and congruence, cooperative and competitive personality and prosocial tendencies using two samples of 202 and 233 participants. In addition, we invited two samples of 319 and 663 participants to fill in the questionnaire developed by exploratory factor analysis, and condusted a confirmatory factor analysis to confirm validity of the questionnaire. ![]() In Study 1, we invited 499 participants to rate the extent which these items described their personality in 7-point scale, and conducted an exploratory factor analysis to explore internal structure of Junzi personality and develop the questionnaire. We selected all the sentences describing Junzi personality said by Confucius from the Analects of Confucius, and used them to establish a preliminary questionnaire containing 80 items written in modern Chinese language. We used modern psychological methods to conduct an empirical research on internal structure of Junzi personality. As a hot topic for thousands of years, Junzi was and is discussed by many researchers. Junzi means a type of ideal personality, which was first used as a concept of personality traits and systematically described by Confucius. ![]() Junzi (usually translated as “gentleman” in English while completely different from the meaning of gentleman in English) is one of the most important concepts in Confucianism and has a huge influence on the civilization of China and even East Asia. ![]()
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